Provides knowledge of fundamental provisions of income tax law and computation of taxable income.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the basic concepts, definitions, taxation structure, residential status, and exempt incomes under the Income Tax Act, 1961.
CO2: Compute taxable income under the heads Income from Salary and Income from House Property by applying relevant provisions, allowances, perquisites, and deductions.
CO3: Calculate income under Profits and Gains of Business or Profession and Capital Gains, including admissible deductions and classification of capital assets.
CO4: Analyze and compute income under Other Sources, apply clubbing provisions, and perform aggregation, set-off, and carry forward of losses.
CO5: Determine the Gross Total Income, Total Income, and Tax Liability of individuals by applying eligible deductions, rebates, and reliefs as per the Income Tax Act.
CO6: Demonstrate practical proficiency in the preparation and online filing of Income Tax Returns (ITR) and evaluate case studies relating to residential status and alternative tax regimes.

Introduces banking operations, financial services, insurance principles and their role in the economy.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Recall the evolution of banking in India and explain the structure, functions, and roles of banks and insurance companies.
CO2: Describe types of bank accounts, payment systems, KYC and AML norms, and the concept of bancassurance.
CO3: Classify types of insurance policies, examine PMFBY schemes, and analyse underwriting, claims, pricing, and actuarial concepts.
CO4: Differentiate between credit, market, and operational risks in banking and evaluate risk management frameworks in insurance.
CO5: Interpret the Banking Regulation Act 1949, evaluate RBI's monetary tools and Basel norms, analyse NPAs, and appraise IRDAI's regulatory role.
CO6: Appraise fintech and insurtech innovations, assess open banking and ESG products, and formulate perspectives on future industry challenges

Explains principles, mechanisms and practices that promote transparency, accountability and ethical corporate management.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Demonstrate a clear understanding of the principles, pillars, and frameworks of corporate governance, including its relevance in the Indian context.
CO2: Identify and apply elements of good corporate governance, focusing on transparency, disclosure, and compliance with global standards like G20/OECD principles.
CO3: Analyze the roles, responsibilities, and conduct of the Board of Directors, Independent Directors, and Chairman, ensuring board effectiveness and ethical leadership.
CO4: Examine the structure and responsibilities of various board committees, including Audit, Nomination & Remuneration, Stakeholder Relationship, and Risk Management Committees.
CO5: Develop the ability to critically analyze governance practices and recommend improvements to ensure organizational integrity and stakeholder trust

Focuses on opportunity identification, innovation, entrepreneurial competencies and business problem-solving.

Develops leadership, team management, communication, conflict management and decision-making capabilities.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Examine various leadership models and understand and/or assess their skills, strengths and abilities that affect their personal leadership style and can create a leadership vision.
CO2: Examine basic managerial Skills
CO3: Learn and demonstrate a set of practical skills such as time management, finance management, self- management, handling conflicts, and team leadership
CO4: Understand the basics of entrepreneurship and develop business plans
CO5: Apply the design thinking approach for leadership
CO6: Appreciate the importance of ethics and moral values for developing a balanced Personality

Develops understanding of values, ethical living, harmony, relationships and responsible professional conduct.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Define and identify core universal human values and relate them to their own lives.
CO2: Demonstrate self-awareness and initiate personal transformation (Human Revolution
CO3: Appreciate the importance of Sewa (selfless service), compassion, and empathy.
CO4: Apply principles of truth, non-violence, and moral responsibility in real-life dilemmas.
CO5: Evaluate ethical decisions involving sacrifice and righteousness through case studies.
CO6: Reflect on the relevance of renunciation and simplicity in modern life for inner peace.

Enhances advanced communication, presentation, interpersonal and professional English language skills.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Apply effective grammatical structures in English Language for speaking and writing
CO2: Utilize effective note-making techniques in English Language
CO3: Effectively summarize and paraphrase texts in English Language
CO4: Demonstrate use of apt and relevant vocabulary at intermediate to upper-intermediate level
CO5: Employ cohesive and coherent discourse in English communication
CO6: Produce well-organized written and spoken texts in English Language

Develops understanding of accounting information for planning, control and managerial decision-making.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand and evaluate the concepts, scope, and role of management accounting in organizational decision-making, along with techniques of financial statement analysis.
CO2: Analyse financial statements using comparative, common-size, and trend analysis methods to facilitate inter-firm and inter-period comparison.
CO3: Evaluate the financial performance and position of a company using various accounting ratios and interpret their implications for decision-making.
CO4: Prepare and analyse fund flow statements and assess working capital management for effective managerial reporting and control.
CO5: Develop and apply budgeting techniques, including flexible and modern budgeting approaches, for planning, control, and solving organizational problems.
CO6: Apply contemporary management accounting tools and techniques, including case study analysis and practical applications (e.g., Excel-based analysis), to solve real-world business problems.

Develops quantitative, logical and analytical abilities for solving academic and business problems.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Apply logical reasoning to understand, interpret and handle different situations
CO2: Interpret and efficiently solve the company specific reasoning test
CO3: Reproduce the concepts learned to solve various questions of quantitative and reasoning aptitude
CO4: Deduce aptitude and reasoning problems using shortcut tricks
CO5: Identify the concepts to solve the problems in given time
CO6: Integrate and apply different quantitative and reasoning strategies in mock test scenarios

Introduces commonly used digital productivity tools for documentation, data management, presentations and workplace tasks.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts and importance of office automation and productivity tools in modern workplaces.
CO2: Demonstrate knowledge of word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, and digital communication tools.
CO3: Apply appropriate productivity tools for creating, organising, and managing professional documents and information.
CO4: Analyse the use of spreadsheets for data organisation, calculation, analysis, and reporting.
CO5: Develop effective presentations and digital content for academic and professional communication.
CO6: Evaluate the role of office automation tools in improving efficiency, collaboration, communication, and workplace productivity.

Provides practical training in office applications for documentation, spreadsheets, presentations and digital productivity.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Demonstrate practical proficiency in using word processing software to create and format professional documents.
CO2: Apply spreadsheet tools for data entry, calculations, functions, analysis, and visual representation of data.
CO3: Create effective presentations using appropriate layouts, multimedia elements, and visual communication techniques.
CO4: Use digital tools for file management, communication, collaboration, and information sharing.
CO5: Develop integrated office documents and reports by applying multiple productivity tools to practical tasks.
CO6: Demonstrate competence in using office automation and productivity tools to solve routine academic and workplace problems efficiently.

Focuses on business idea generation, validation, entrepreneurial decision-making and innovation.

Introduces the Constitution of India, its values, institutions, rights, duties and democratic framework.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the synthesis of fundamental rights, duties and Directive Principles.
CO2: To develop an understanding about relationship between fundamental rights and directive principles
CO3: To appraise the concept of Social Justice by enhancing upon the various parameters of Society and providing compensation to the backward classes.
CO4: To appraise the concept of basics of Indian Constitution.
CO5: To enhance the concept of Preamble, its meaning and scope.

Human Resource Management

Introduces the principles and practices involved in managing people effectively within organizations.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the concepts, scope, and functions of HRM, and integrate HRM with business strategy.
CO2: Develop skills in HR planning, job analysis, and creating job descriptions/specifications.
CO3: Master recruitment, selection, and orientation processes.
CO4: Design and evaluate training programs, and manage performance appraisal systems.
CO5: Analyze compensation structures, conduct job evaluations, and create compensation plans.
CO6: Understand industrial relations and manage dispute resolution processes effectively.

Introduction to Financial Markets

Provides an overview of financial markets, instruments, institutions and market operations.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of India's financial system, including its structure, classification, and the functions and significance of primary, secondary, capital, and money markets.
CO2: Interpret and analyse the roles, objectives, and functions of various banking and non-banking financial institutions in India, such as IDBI, SFCs, SIDCs, LIC, EXIM Bank, and Mutual Funds.
CO3: Apply understanding of the role and functions of commercial banks, including their primary and secondary functions, investment policies, and the implications of banking sector reforms recommended by the Narasimha Committee.
CO4: Analyse and evaluate the organizational structure, objectives, roles, and functions of regulatory institutions like RBI, SEBI, and IRDA in governing India's financial markets.
CO5: Synthesize knowledge of debt securitization concepts, dematerialization services by NSDL and CSDL, and the role of allied financial services in the Indian financial system.
CO6: Evaluate and assess the roles, functions, and impacts of diverse financial markets such as the foreign exchange market, derivatives market, and mortgages market on the Indian economy.

Legal and Ethical Issues in Business

Introduces major legal and ethical issues affecting business decisions and organizational practices.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand and apply ethical principles and moral standards in various functional areas of business including marketing, finance, human resources, and production.
CO2: Evaluate and compare major ethical theories including consequentialist, non-consequentialist, and normative theories to analyze ethical challenges in business.
CO3: Analyze ethical dilemmas and apply systematic approaches to resolve them while fostering ethical behavior in organizations.
CO4: Demonstrate knowledge of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), its evolution, models, and implications for stakeholders in the modern business environment.
CO5: Interpret and apply key legal provisions related to environmental protection, consumer rights, competition regulation, information transparency, foreign exchange, and IT governance in business contexts.

Brand Management

Introduces concepts and strategies for building, positioning, communicating and managing brands.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the fundamental concepts, importance, and strategic role of brands and brand management.
CO2: Analyse consumer perceptions and factors influencing brand choice and brand loyalty.
CO3: Apply techniques for developing brand identity, positioning, and differentiation strategies.
CO4: Examine strategies for building and managing brand equity and customer-based brand value.
CO5: Evaluate branding and communication strategies across traditional and digital platforms.
CO6: Develop strategic recommendations for building, managing, extending, and sustaining strong brands in competitive markets.

Provides knowledge of important laws governing contracts, sale of goods and commercial transactions.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Remembering the concept of mercantile law and analysing how to read, understand and interpret the legal provisions.
CO2: Understanding the Provisions of Law governing the General Contract and Special Contract.
CO3: Applying the statutory provisions related to Legal Remedies available in the Law to the Business and other People.
CO4: Analyzing the statutory provisions of Sales of Goods Act.
CO5: Evaluate the operations aspects of Negotiable Instruments Act-their operations and implications in the business.
CO6: Developing the critical thinking using law cases and sensitizing about the rules relating to consumer law, rights of consumers and legal remedies in case of their violation.

Introduces systematic methods for identifying, designing and conducting business research.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the fundamentals, types, and process of research in a business context.
CO2: Identify and formulate research problems, objectives, and hypotheses.
CO3: Design research using appropriate research methods and sampling techniques.
CO4: Use various methods for data collection.
CO5: Ability to apply measurement scales, select appropriate scaling techniques, and design effective questionnaires.
CO6: Prepare and present research reports and business proposals professionally.

Develops awareness and practical skills for managing stress, emotions, relationships and personal well-being.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts, sources, symptoms, and effects of stress on individual health, behaviour, and performance.
CO2: Identify personal and professional stressors and assess their impact on emotional and psychological well-being.
CO3: Apply appropriate stress-management techniques, including relaxation, mindfulness, time management, and positive coping strategies.
CO4: Develop emotional awareness, self-regulation, resilience, and interpersonal skills for managing challenging situations effectively.
CO5: Analyse the relationship between stress, emotional wellness, lifestyle, and overall personal and professional effectiveness.
CO6: Design a personal wellness plan incorporating healthy habits and strategies for maintaining long-term emotional well-being and work–life balance.

Develops skills for evaluating business ideas, understanding customers and designing entrepreneurial solutions.

Introduces the principles and practices of yoga for physical, mental and emotional well-being.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understanding the basic concept of yoga.
CO2: Analyze the basic principles of Yoga and explore different paths of Yoga
CO3: Develop an understanding of how to integrate Yoga into a modern lifestyle.
CO4: Recognize the role of breath control and mindfulness in stress reduction.
CO5: Connect physical postures to holistic health and inner balance.

Develops verbal, non-verbal, interpersonal and professional communication competencies.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the fundamental concepts, elements, and importance of effective verbal, non-verbal, and written communication.
CO2: Apply appropriate communication techniques to develop effective listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.
CO3: Demonstrate interpersonal and professional communication skills in academic, workplace, and group settings.
CO4: Develop clear, confident, and effective oral and written communication for personal and professional success.

Managerial Economics-II (Macro-Economics)

Introduces macroeconomic concepts including national income, inflation, unemployment, monetary policy and fiscal policy.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand macroeconomic concepts, the circular flow of income, and the structure and limitations of national income accounting.
CO2: Contrast Classical and Keynesian income and employment theories to analyse real-world macroeconomic situations.
CO3: Describe consumption and investment functions and apply them to explain national income determination and capital formation.
CO4: Apply the concepts of the multiplier and money and interest theories to analyse financial and economic situations.
CO5: Discuss the causes and consequences of inflation and business cycles and analyse their influence on business and economic stability.
CO6: Assess various economic policies for stabilising economy

Marketing Management

Provides knowledge of marketing principles, consumer needs, segmentation, marketing mix and strategic marketing decisions.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Remember the basic terminologies and concepts of marketing prevalent in business world.
CO2: Understand the methods and strategies that companies use to identify and segment markets.
CO3: Apply the marketing mix elements to develop effective marketing strategies.
CO4: Analyse the role of pricing, place, promotion and product in developing effective marketing mix.
CO5: Evaluate the impact of consumer behaviour on marketing strategies.

Indian Economy

Provides an overview of the structure, characteristics, challenges and development of the Indian economy.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the structure, characteristics, and key features of the Indian economy.
CO2: Analyse the role and performance of major sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, in India’s economic development.
CO3: Examine key economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, inequality, population growth, and regional disparities.
CO4: Evaluate the role of economic planning, fiscal policy, monetary policy, and government initiatives in promoting economic growth and development.
CO5: Analyse the impact of economic reforms, globalisation, and liberalisation on the Indian economy.
CO6: Assess contemporary challenges and emerging opportunities influencing India’s economic growth and sustainable development.

Introduces strategic analysis, formulation, implementation and evaluation of organizational strategies.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand and explain the concepts, process, and importance of strategic management along with strategic intent (vision, mission, and objectives).
CO2: Analyze the internal and external business environment using tools such as SWOT, PESTLE, and competitive analysis techniques.
CO3: Evaluate various corporate level strategies including expansion, stability, retrenchment, and combination strategies.
CO4: Apply generic business strategies and strategic choices for achieving competitive advantage in domestic and international markets.
CO5: Examine the process of strategy implementation, including organizational structure, leadership, culture, and functional policies.
CO6: Assess strategic evaluation and control mechanisms and interpret contemporary strategic issues such as governance, CSR, and emerging trends.

Provides knowledge of GST concepts, structure, registration, compliance and taxation procedures in India.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts, structure, and legal framework of GST in India.
CO2: Determine the time, place, and value of supply and compute GST liability.
CO3: Apply provisions relating to Input Tax Credit and GST registration.
CO4: Prepare GST returns and understand assessment, payment, and compliance procedures.
CO5: Analyze GST implications on business transactions and solve practical taxation problems.

Provides practical exposure to organizational functions and enables students to apply classroom knowledge in real business settings.

Focuses on business model development, entrepreneurial planning, market validation and venture development.

Creates awareness of disaster risks, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery strategies.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts, types, causes, and impacts of natural and human-induced disasters.
CO2: Analyse disaster risks, vulnerabilities, capacities, and their implications for communities and sustainable development.
CO3: Apply the principles and strategies of disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, and risk reduction.
CO4: Examine the institutional framework, policies, and mechanisms for disaster response, relief, recovery, and rehabilitation.
CO5: Develop basic disaster preparedness and risk-management plans for individuals, communities, and organisations.
CO6: Evaluate the role of technology, community participation, and sustainable practices in building disaster resilience.

Company Law

Introduces legal provisions governing formation, management, administration and winding up of companies.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concept, characteristics, classification, and legal aspects of companies.
CO2: Describe the process of company formation, incorporation, and the significance of the Memorandum of Association.
CO3: Analyze the provisions relating to Articles of Association, Prospectus, and related company documents.
CO4: Explain the appointment, powers, duties, liabilities of directors, and the conduct of company meetings.
CO5: Discuss the provisions relating to auditors, audit committees, and the procedures for winding up of a company.
CO6: Demonstrate practical skills in online company registration, obtaining DIN/CIN, and preparation of company meeting documents and resolutions.

Security Analysis and Portfolio Management

Introduces analysis of securities and principles of constructing and managing investment portfolios.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the fundamentals of investment, Security markets,its alternatives, regulatory authorities and the system of investment in India and global markets.
CO2: Apply techniques for Risk Assessment and security valuation, to determine intrinsic value and assess investment opportunities.
CO3: Analyse macroeconomic and microeconomic factors, industry trends, and company performance for fundamental analysis.
CO4: Evaluate securities using technical analysis tools and chart patterns to forecast price movements and investment trends.
CO5: Construct an efficient portfolio by applying modern portfolio theory, risk-return analysis, and diversification principles
CO6: Assess portfolio performance using measures such as Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen’s Alpha, and recommend necessary revisions

Advanced Financial Accounting

Develops advanced accounting skills for complex financial transactions and reporting requirements.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the fundamentals of financial accounting, including concepts, principles, and basic accounting systems.
CO2: Apply accounting concepts, conventions, and accounting standards to develop a sound accounting framework.
CO3: Record and summarize financial transactions using journal, ledger, and trial balance.
CO4: Prepare final accounts and maintain subsidiary books for accurate financial reporting.
CO5: Calculate depreciation and account for bills of exchange in practical business situations.
CO6: Use computerized accounting systems and analyze emerging trends like cloud and AI in accounting.

Introduces quantitative techniques for optimizing business decisions involving resources, costs and operations.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Apply linear programming techniques to formulate and solve real-world optimization problems, including transportation models.
CO2: Solve assignment problems using the Hungarian method and handle variations like unbalanced problems and travelling salesman problems.
CO3:Analyze and solve sequencing problems and game theory models for optimal decision-making strategies.
CO4:Interpret and apply queuing theory models to assess service systems and optimize queue management.
CO5:Demonstrate the ability to model and solve complex operational problems using mathematical tools and techniques for effective decision-making.

Introduces digital marketing channels, strategies, content, social media and online customer engagement.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the fundamentals, evolution, and platforms of digital marketing.
CO2: Analyse business strengths and weaknesses using SWOT for digital marketing planning.
CO3: Develop and evaluate social media strategies and performance metrics.
CO4: Apply video marketing techniques across various digital platforms.
CO5: Utilize search engine marketing tools like PPC and Google Ads.
CO6: Implement SEO and SMO techniques for campaign optimization.

Provides knowledge of patents, trademarks, copyrights and other forms of intellectual property protection.

Course Outcome:
CO1: To know International and domestic trends in intellectual property.
CO2: To introduce students to basic concepts of copyrights, patents, Trademarks, geographical indications, trade secrets and designs.
CO3: To learn all intellectual property related legislations developed in India.
CO4: To familiarize students with rights, registration and remedies associated with each regime.

Develops advanced entrepreneurial skills through venture planning, pitching, innovation and entrepreneurial execution.

Introduces the structure, institutions, markets, instruments and regulatory framework of India's financial system.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the structure, components, and functions of the Indian Financial System.
CO2: Understand the role and functions of various financial institutions in the Indian economy.
CO3: Examine the functioning of financial markets and financial instruments in India.
CO4: Analyse various financial services and their significance in the financial system.
CO5: Evaluate the role of financial sector reforms, regulatory bodies, and recent developments in the Indian financial system.

Develops professional competencies, workplace readiness and career development skills.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Develop ATS-friendly resumes, CVs, and professional profiles that meet industry standards.
CO2: Build and optimize LinkedIn profiles for professional networking and career advancement.
CO3: Analyze career opportunities, job descriptions, and employer expectations across various sectors.
CO4: Apply quantitative aptitude, logical reasoning, analytical thinking, and data interpretation skills to solve problems effectively.
CO5: Demonstrate competence in HR and technical interviews through effective communication, self-presentation, and interview etiquette.
CO6: Exhibit professional grooming, confidence, personality development, and workplace-ready interpersonal skills for successful career growth.

Investment Management

Introduces principles of investment planning, risk-return analysis, portfolio construction and investment decisions.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts, process and avenues of investment.
CO2: Apply security analysis techniques for investment decisions.
CO3: Evaluate risk and return of individual securities and portfolios.
CO4: Develop and assess investment portfolios using standard models.
CO5: Analyze mutual funds and investment services for investors.
CO6: Understand emerging trends and contemporary issues in investment management.

Sales Management

Introduces sales planning, selling techniques, sales force management and performance evaluation.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the fundamental concepts, nature, and scope of sales management and its evolving role in business organizations.
CO2: Apply effective selling techniques and manage the complete personal selling process from prospecting to closing.
CO3: Develop strategies for recruiting, training, motivating, and evaluating sales personnel.
CO4: Design and implement sales forecasting, budgeting, and territory management systems.
CO5: Analyze and manage key accounts, distribution channels, and channel partner relationships.
CO6: Evaluate the impact of emerging technologies and trends like CRM, digital selling, and AI on sales performance.

Export and Import Management

Provides knowledge of international trade procedures, documentation, logistics, payments and regulatory requirements.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the fundamentals of international trade and India’s foreign trade policy.
CO2: Identify suitable products and markets for export and communicate effectively with buyers.
CO3: Explain the procedures and documentation required for export operations.
CO4: Describe the steps, documentation, and regulations involved in import processes.
CO5: Apply export marketing strategies and utilize government incentives and schemes.
CO6: Analyse recent trends, trade agreements, and digital developments in global trade.

Provides advanced practical skills in Excel for financial, business and analytical modelling.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Apply advanced Excel functions, formulas, and data management techniques to organise and analyse complex datasets.
CO2: Develop spreadsheet models for business analysis, financial planning, forecasting, and decision-making.
CO3: Use advanced tools such as PivotTables, PivotCharts, lookup functions, conditional formatting, and data validation for effective data analysis and reporting.
CO4: Apply data visualisation and dashboard techniques to communicate insights effectively.
CO5: Develop scenario-based and what-if analysis models to evaluate alternative business and financial decisions.
CO6: Design integrated Excel-based models to solve practical business problems and support managerial decision-making.

Develops advanced research skills including research design, data analysis, interpretation and report preparation.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the role and application of various tools and techniques used in the research process.
CO2: Formulate research problems, objectives, hypotheses, and appropriate research designs for business and management studies.
CO3: Apply suitable sampling, data collection, and measurement techniques for conducting systematic research.
CO4: Use appropriate statistical and analytical tools for processing, analysing, and interpreting research data.
CO5: Evaluate the validity, reliability, and ethical considerations associated with research studies.
CO6: Develop the ability to prepare and present a structured research report based on appropriate research tools, techniques, and findings.

Provides an integrated opportunity to apply multidisciplinary commerce and management knowledge to a practical project.

Enhances advanced career, workplace, leadership and professional development competencies.

Financial Reporting

Develops understanding of financial reporting principles, standards and preparation of corporate financial information.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the concepts, principles, objectives, and regulatory framework of financial reporting.
CO2: Prepare and interpret the major financial statements in accordance with applicable accounting principles and standards.
CO3: Analyse the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements of significant financial statement items.
CO4: Evaluate the quality and usefulness of financial information for investors, creditors, and other stakeholders.
CO5: Examine the impact of accounting policies, estimates, and financial reporting practices on organisational performance and decision-making.
CO6: Apply financial reporting knowledge to analyse corporate financial disclosures and support informed business and investment decisions.

Commodity Markets

Introduces commodity markets, instruments, trading mechanisms, pricing and risk management.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Explain the structure, functions, participants, and significance of commodity markets in the economy.
CO2: Identify and classify major commodities and understand the factors influencing their demand, supply, and prices.
CO3: Analyse the functioning of commodity spot and derivatives markets, including futures and options contracts.
CO4: Apply basic trading, hedging, and risk-management strategies using commodity market instruments.
CO5: Evaluate the role of commodity markets in price discovery, portfolio diversification, and risk management.
CO6: Assess market risks, regulatory mechanisms, and contemporary developments influencing commodity trading and investment decisions.

E-Commerce Management

Introduces electronic business models, online transactions, digital platforms and e-commerce strategies.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the evolution, concepts, and impact of e-commerce and digital business on organizations and consumers.
CO2: Identify and apply appropriate technologies and digital infrastructure used in e-commerce operations.
CO3: Analyze various e-commerce business models, platform strategies, and applications of e-commerce across industries.
CO4: Evaluate e-commerce marketing strategies and customer management practices in digital environments.
CO5: Apply operational, analytical, and emerging technology concepts in managing e-commerce businesses.
CO6: Understand the legal, ethical, privacy, and regulatory frameworks governing e-commerce and digital business.

Stock Market Operations

Provides practical understanding of stock market structure, trading, settlement, securities and market operations.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Analyse the role of various parties involved in Indian capital market
CO2: Evaluate the major components and role of major players of primary and secondary markets in India.
CO3: Explain capital market trading, clearing settlement and risk management processes.
CO4: Describe the instruments, participants and operation of the money market.
CO5: Understand the methods of issuing shares and role of intermediaries in the primary market.

Business Analysis & Valuation

Introduces techniques for analyzing businesses and estimating the value of companies and financial assets.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the role of financial statements in business analysis and decision-making.
CO2: Conduct a comprehensive financial analysis using various tools and ratios.
CO3: Analyse and interpret financial statements to assess business performance.
CO4: Apply valuation models to determine the value of a business or its components.
CO5: Evaluate strategic decisions using business valuation techniques.
CO6: Critically analyse real-life case studies and formulate business valuation reports.

Consumer Behavior

Examines psychological, social and cultural factors influencing consumer decision-making and buying behaviour.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the rationale for studying consumer behaviour.
CO2: Evaluate the factors which influence consumer behaviour inclusive of society and culture.
CO3: Demonstrate how knowledge of consumer behaviour can be applied to marketing.
CO4: Develop understanding of external factors influencing consumer behaviour.
CO5: Create the capability to work both independently and in a team environment employing inquiry processes to complete marketing projects.

Production and Operations Management

Introduces principles of production planning, process management, quality, inventory and operational efficiency.

Course Outcome:
CO1: Understand the concepts, functions, and strategic importance of production and operations management.
CO2: Analyze facility location, layout, and capacity decisions in manufacturing and service organizations.
CO3: Apply forecasting, production planning, scheduling, and resource planning techniques in operations management.
CO4: Evaluate purchasing, lean operations, and continuous improvement practices for enhancing operational efficiency.
CO5: Apply quality management principles and project management techniques in business operations.
CO6: Analyze inventory and supply chain management practices and understand the role of operations analytics and digital technologies in modern operations management.